ICES Database ElectroMagnetic Field Literature Search Engine |
 |
| |
| Home |
| View EMF Studies (Static,ELF) 0-300 Hz |
| View EMF Studies (Intermediate) 300 Hz-300 KHz |
| View EMF Studies (RF/mmW/THz) 300 kHz-300 GHz |
| Advanced Search |
| Citation List (Author Search) |
(Database last updated on Mar 27, 2024)
| ID Number | 1162 | |
| Study Type | Epidemiology | |
| Model | Incidence of cancer in the US, especially brain and other nervous system tumors. (Catch All) | |
| Details | Cancer incidence trends for ocular melanoma (n=3202) as well as facial and other cutaneous melanoma from 1974 to 1998 were obtained from the Surveillance-Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program in different regions and by race when available and compared to mobile phone subscriptions over the same time period. There was no indication of an increasing trend in incidence over time, or an increase that would correspond to the dramatic increase in mobile phone use in the 1990's. The results support similar findings by Johanssen, although the authors acknowledge that it might be too early to detect an increase. Quote: "The dramatic increase in use of cellular telephones has not been accompanied by an increase in the incidence of ocular melanoma." Kohler et al. 2011 abstract: "Background The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year's report highlights brain and other nervous system (ONS) tumors, including nonmalignant brain tumors, which became reportable on a national level in 2004. Methods Cancer incidence data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute, CDC, and NAACCR, and information on deaths was obtained from the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics. The annual percentage changes in age-standardized incidence and death rates (2000 US population standard) for all cancers combined and for the top 15 cancers for men and for women were estimated by joinpoint analysis of long-term (1992-2007 for incidence; 1975-2007 for mortality) trends and short-term fixed interval (1998-2007) trends. Analyses of malignant neuroepithelial brain and ONS tumors were based on data from 1980-2007; data on nonmalignant tumors were available for 2004-2007. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Overall cancer incidence rates decreased by approximately 1% per year; the decrease was statistically significant (P < .05) in women, but not in men, because of a recent increase in prostate cancer incidence. The death rates continued to decrease for both sexes. Childhood cancer incidence rates continued to increase, whereas death rates continued to decrease. Lung cancer death rates decreased in women for the first time during 2003-2007, more than a decade after decreasing in men. During 2004-2007, more than 213 500 primary brain and ONS tumors were diagnosed, and 35.8% were malignant. From 1987-2007, the incidence of neuroepithelial malignant brain and ONS tumors decreased by 0.4% per year in men and women combined. Conclusions The decrease in cancer incidence and mortality reflects progress in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment. However, major challenges remain, including increasing incidence rates and continued low survival for some cancers. Malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors demonstrate differing patterns of occurrence by sex, age, and race, and exhibit considerable biologic diversity. Inclusion of nonmalignant brain tumors in cancer registries provides a fuller assessment of disease burden and medical resource needs associated with these unique tumors." Kohler et al. (2011) (p. 19): "Several reviews summarize studies evaluating exposure to cellular phones and the risk of brain tumors (78,99102). Short-term (<10 years) exposures to cellular telephones appear to have no association with risk of brain tumors. However, the association with long-term (>10 years) use remains unclear, primarily because of the relatively recent adoption of widespread use of cellular phones, as well as issues of bias and study design. Acoustic neuromas are of particular interest with regard to cellular phone use because of the proximity of these tumors to the phone. However, studies that have examined this association have mixed results and limited numbers of long-term users; further studies with longer term follow-up will be needed to evaluate whether there is an increased risk of acoustic neuromas associated with the use of cellular phones (99102). A recent study using data from SEER 9 registries for 19772006 found decreasing or stable brain cancer incidence rate trends for whites in most age groups except among women aged 2029 years in 19922006, which was driven by a rising incidence of frontal lobe cancers (103). We examined age- and sex-specific trends in overall malignant brain cancer incidence rates among whites in the SEER 13 registries from 1992 to 2007 and NAACCR data for 19952007 (Supplementary Table 8, available online). Although the short time period for which non-malignant data are available in the United States precludes analysis of temporal trends, the relatively large number of acoustic neuromas identified in the first 4 years of data collection suggests that etiologic studies will be possible in the future." AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Little, Inskip, Linet et al. 2012 (IEEE #5139): Objective: In view of mobile phone exposure being classified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), we determined the compatibility of two recent reports of glioma risk (forming the basis of the IARCs classification) with observed incidence trends in the United States. Design: Comparison of observed rates with projected rates of glioma incidence for 1997-2008. We estimated projected rates by combining relative risks reported in the 2010 Interphone study and a 2011 Swedish study by Hardell and colleagues with rates adjusted for age, registry, and sex; data for mobile phone use; and various latency periods. Setting US population based data for glioma incidence in 1992-2008, from 12 registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programme (Atlanta, Detroit, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose-Monterey, Seattle, rural Georgia, Connecticut, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, and Utah). Participants Data for 24 813 non-Hispanic white people diagnosed with glioma at age 18 years or older. Results: Age specific incidence rates of glioma remained generally constant in 1992-2008 (0.02% change per year, 95% confidence interval 0.28% to 0.25%), a period coinciding with a substantial increase in mobile phone use from close to 0% to almost 100% of the US population. If phone use was associated with glioma risk, we expected glioma incidence rates to be higher than those observed, even with a latency period of 10 years and low relative risks (1.5). Based on relative risks of glioma by tumour latency and cumulative hours of phone use in the Swedish study, predicted rates should have been at least 40% higher than observed rates in 2008. However, predicted glioma rates based on the small proportion of highly exposed people in the Interphone study could be consistent with the observed data. Results remained valid if we used either non-regular users or low users of mobile phones as the baseline category, and if we constrained relative risks to be more than 1. Conclusions: Raised risks of glioma with mobile phone use, as reported by one (Swedish) study forming the basis of the IARCs re-evaluation of mobile phone exposure, are not consistent with observed incidence trends in US population data, although the US data could be consistent with the modest excess risks in the Interphone study. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Kohler et al. 2015 (IEEE #6007): Background: The American Cancer Society (ACS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Cancer Institute (NCI), and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to produce updated, national cancer statistics. This Annual Report includes a focus on breast cancer incidence by subtype using new, national-level data. Methods: Population-based cancer trends and breast cancer incidence by molecular subtype were calculated. Breast cancer subtypes were classified using tumor biomarkers for hormone receptor (HR) and human growth factor-neu receptor (HER2) expression. Results: Overall cancer incidence decreased for men by 1.8% annually from 2007 to 2011. Rates for women were stable from 1998 to 2011. Within these trends there was racial/ethnic variation, and some sites have increasing rates. Among children, incidence rates continued to increase by 0.8% per year over the past decade while, like adults, mortality declined. Overall mortality has been declining for both men and women since the early 1990s and for children since the 1970s. HR+/HER2- breast cancers, the subtype with the best prognosis, were the most common for all races/ethnicities with highest rates among non-Hispanic white women, local stage cases, and low poverty areas (92.7, 63.51, and 98.69 per 100000 non-Hispanic white women, respectively). HR+/HER2- breast cancer incidence rates were strongly, positively correlated with mammography use, particularly for non-Hispanic white women (Pearson 0.57, two-sided P < .001). Triple-negative breast cancers, the subtype with the worst prognosis, were highest among non-Hispanic black women (27.2 per 100000 non-Hispanic black women), which is reflected in high rates in southeastern states. Conclusions: Progress continues in reducing the burden of cancer in the United States. There are unique racial/ethnic-specific incidence patterns for breast cancer subtypes; likely because of both biologic and social risk factors, including variation in mammography use. Breast cancer subtype analysis confirms the capacity of cancer registries to adjust national collection standards to produce clinically relevant data based on evolving medical knowledge. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Hoffman et al. 2006 (IEEE #7044): A number of reports have indicated an increasing incidence of primary brain tumors over the past few decades. The purpose of this study was to describe incidence rate trends in a population-based series of newly diagnosed primary nonmalignant and malignant brain and other CNS tumors, contributing five additional years to previously published incidence trends. Data for the years 1985 through 1999 from six collaborating state cancer registries of the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States were used to determine incidence trends in the broad age groups 0-19, 20-64, and >or=65 years, overall and for selected histologies. Multiplicative Poisson regression was used to express trends as average annual percent change (AAPC). Joinpoint regression was used to identify sharp changes in incidence occurring over this period. Overall, incidence increased modestly (AAPC, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4). When brain lymphomas were excluded, this increase remained statistically significant. A sharp change in incidence of brain lymphomas from increasing to decreasing over time was identified. Specific histologies that were increasing included anaplastic astrocytomas in individuals aged >or=65 years, microscopically confirmed gliomas in both adult age groups, and microscopically confirmed glioma, not otherwise specified (NOS), in children. Increases that were not specific to any population subgroup were seen for oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, meningiomas, and nerve sheath tumors. Decreases were noted for astrocytoma, NOS, nonmicroscopically confirmed gliomas, and pituitary tumors. Improvements in diagnosis and classification are likely reflected in the decreasing trends in unspecified glioma subgroups and the accompanying increasing trends in more specific glioma subgroups. However, increases in meningiomas and nerve sheath tumors deserve further attention. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Radhakrishnan et al. 1995 (IEEE #7045): A number of reports have suggested an increasing incidence of primary brain tumors, especially malignant astrocytomas, in the elderly population. To investigate this issue, we analyzed the incidence and temporal trends of primary intracranial neoplasms diagnosed in the population of Rochester, Minnesota, over the 40 years between 1950 and 1990. The incidence of symptomatic primary brain tumors (excluding patients diagnosed incidentally at autopsy and by neuroimaging studies) increased from 9.5 per 100,000 population per year in 1950 to 1969 to 12.5 per 100,000 per year in 1970 to 1989; this change was not statistically significant (chi 2 trend, 1.89; p = 0.17). While the incidence of pituitary adenomas increased significantly between the two periods (chi 2 trend, 4.44; p = 0.04), the incidence trends of all gliomas, malignant astrocytomas, and meningiomas showed no change among persons younger than 65 years as well as those 65 years and older. The number of patients incidentally found to have neoplasms by neuroimaging studies increased in the recent 20-year period (chi 2 trend, 4.08; p = 0.04). The average age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 per year during the study period in the population of Rochester, Minnesota, for symptomatic tumors were 5.0 for all gliomas, 3.3 for malignant astrocytomas, 2.0 for meningiomas, and 2.4 for pituitary adenomas. In conclusion, our data indicate that the reported increase in the incidence of primary brain tumors is an artifact of improvement in diagnostic technology and practice. AUTHORS' ABSTRACT: Gittleman et al. 2015 (IEEE #7046): BACKGROUND: Time trends in cancer incidence rates (IR) are important to measure the changing burden of cancer on a population over time.The overall IR of cancer in the United States is declining. Although central nervous system tumors (CNST) are rare, they contribute disproportionately to mortality and morbidity. In this analysis, the authors examined trends in the incidence of the most common cancers and CNST between 2000 and 2010. METHODS: The current analysis used data from the United States Cancer Statistics publication and the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States. Age-adjusted IR per 100,000 population with 95% confidence intervals and the annual percent change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for selected common cancers and CNST overall and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, selected histologies, and malignancy status. RESULTS: In adults, there were significant decreases in colon (2000-2010: APC, 23.1), breast (2000-2010: APC, 20.8), lung (2000-2010: APC, 21.1), and prostate (2000-2010: APC, 22.4) cancer as well as malignant CNST (2008-2010: APC, 23.1), but a significant increase was noted in nonmalignant CNST (2004-2010: APC, 2.7). In adolescents, there were significant increases in malignant CNST (2000-2008: APC, 1.0) and nonmalignant CNST (2004-2010: APC, 3.9). In children, there were significant increases in acute lymphocytic leukemia (2000-2010: APC, 1.0), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2000-2010: APC, 0.6), and malignant CNST (2000-2010: APC, 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance of IR trends is an important way to measure the changing public health and economic burden of cancer. In the current study, there were significant decreases noted in the incidence of adult cancer, whereas adolescent and childhood cancer IR were either stable or increasing. Cancer 2015;121:102-12. VC 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
|
| Findings | No Effects | |
| Status | Completed With Publication | |
| Principal Investigator | ||
| Funding Agency | ????? | |
| Country | UNITED STATES | |
| References |
|
|
| Comments |