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Osteoblast cells grown on three dimensional chitosan scaffolds (designed to fill in larger bone fractures) were exposed to 75 Hz ELF at 1.8 - 3 mT for 2 hr/day, 3 weeks. The authors report a 37% increase in proliferation, 15% lower alkaline phosphatase activity, and 74% more calcium deposition in exposed osteoblasts. In addition, the cells produced more collagen fibrils, matrix vesicles, and calcium in the extracellular matrix. The authors conclude that 75 Hz exposure was capable of enhancing proliferation and mineralization of cultured osteoblasts on chitosan scaffolds. |