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E.coli bacteria were exposed to 50 Hz ELF magnetic fields with either a sinusoidal or square wave pulse at 1 milliT and analyzed for gene expression. The authors report that exposure with a sinusoidal wave pattern resulted in an increase in DnaK, GroEL, and heat shock protein levels, and exposure with a square wave pattern resulted in decreased DnaK, GroEL, and heat shock protein levels. In a subsequent study, the authors report that in E. coli cells unable to express the classic heat shock response when incubated at 42 degrees C, DnaK and GroEL protein levels were still increased following 30 or 90 minute exposure to sinusoidal ELF exposure. The authors suggest the pathway of ELF induction of heat shock may be different than the pathway of heat induction. |